Volunteer Policies

By Law Office of Stephen Forman, PLLC

The summer is almost over and if you are in church ministry, your program year is about to kick into high gear (if it hasn’t already).  For ministry staff, that means the search for volunteers is on.  Volunteers are the lifeblood of churches without whom our ministries would simply cease to exist.  Service to God, to the Body of Christ and to our neighbors is central to the living out the gospel.  But like everything in a fallen world, full of fallen people, volunteers are human.  Protecting both the ministry and the volunteer is essential.  We are all aware of high-profile risks like child abuse.  But what about that new coffee team member who accidentally spills hot coffee on a visitor? Or a storm cleanup crew member who fells a tree onto the neighbor’s house? Or the parking lot attendant who misdirects a vehicle, and a crash occurs or is injured in the process?  These examples represent potential liability to the ministry.  While a good insurance policy is usually applicable, a good volunteer policy can help avoid potential blind spots.  Here are some general and specific tips to consider:

Basics of Good Volunteer Policies

  1. Identification. Can you identify a volunteer should an incident arise?  Many churches have a strict application process for childcare workers, but can you prove whether the person in the parking lot or on the storm crew was volunteering?  Insurance coverage and certain charitable immunity laws may depend on proving the person was volunteering at the time.  Without dampening the spirit to serve, a good volunteer policy requires recording individual volunteer information into your database and requiring sign-in sheets or tracking software to know who is actually serving, where and when.
  2. Training.  It is critical that every volunteer, no matter what the job, receive both general and specific training, and acknowledge receipt of same in writing.  General training is applicable to every volunteer.  It should set general standards for conduct (attendance, appearance, language, no drugs/alcohol/smoking, phone use etc.).  It should establish leadership chain-of-command.  It should set basic safety practices like incident reporting.  Specific training is job related and may range from a one-page coffee service guidelines to a multi-page children’s ministry handbook.  In each case, it is important that the volunteer sign off that they receive and understand the training and that the church keeps a record of this acknowledgment.
  3. Supervision.  Every volunteer needs a leader.  While that leader may be a volunteer or paid staff, both the volunteer and the leader must know their roles.  Leadership must know the task at hand, be able to provide the right resources to volunteers, define boundaries, ensure safety, and cultivate character when needed.  They must know how to respond when problems arise, including escalation up the chain-of-command. 

Child Abuse Policy and Programs

If your ministry keeps custody of minors (children under the age of 18) in any way – caring for them, teaching them, supervising them and/or interacting personally with them - it is essential that your ministry understand the laws regarding mandatory abuse reporting, and have a clear, written policy that responds to that law and helps to eliminate the possibility of abuse on your watch.  While there are several excellent programs available to ministries to help them in this area, all rely on a similar path: 1) strict application and screening process for “childcare” (remember that’s from age 0-17) workers, 2) criminal background checks for childcare workers, 3) sexual abuse awareness training for childcare workers, 4) practical procedures that help to eliminate potential abuse environments, and 5) effective oversight and monitoring of the program.  Most of the third-party programs available have been designed or vetted by legal counsel and are far cheaper than having outside counsel start from scratch with your ministry.  The cost is also a fraction of what the ministry could spend in non-reporting penalties, insurance deductibles and/or legal fees if an incident or claim arises.  When it comes to child abuse in ministry, reporting is the law  - prevention is the cure.

Transportation Polices

If you transport people as a part of your ministry, whether by ministry-owned vehicle or personal vehicle, staff driven or volunteer driver, it is important to have a Transportation Policy that applies.  While policies vary widely depending on circumstance, and your auto insurance may or may not require it, a good transportation policy should:

  • require that any driver (staff or volunteer) produce a valid driver’s license and sign an acknowledgement stating their license has never been suspended or revoked;
  • require proof and specific limits of liability insurance coverage if a personal car is used (although this practice is discouraged);
  • keep good records of who is driving, when and where;
  • require that all occupants have and use lap-shoulder seatbelts.  Note: most older buses and motorcoaches manufactured before 2013 were (shamefully) not required to have seatbelts.  If you rent a bus, ask if seatbelts are available, and rent one with seatbelts.  Seatbelts can and will save lives and prevent injuries in a crash and bus crashes do happen;
  • prohibit drivers from cell phone use or texting when driving;
  • know and require compliance with all federal motor vehicle regulations: See www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/faith-based-organization-related-transportation .
  • prohibit use or have strict requirements if using older 15-passenger vans: See www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/15-passenger-vans .

Serving the ministry as a volunteer can be one of the most rewarding parts of following Jesus.  Good policies and procedures help to keep it that way.

This information is provided as a general guide to highlight critical business issues facing your ministry.  It should not be construed as professional legal, tax, or human resources advice or service. Every situation should be evaluated independently, and professional advice sought from a lawyer or tax professional.

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